Hello Students. Are you Searching for NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 2? If yes then you are in the right place. Here we have provided you with the Question and Answers of Chapter 2:Era of One Party Dominance. These solutions are written by expert teachers and faculties keeping the new curriculum in mind.
| Chapter | 2. Era of One Party Dominance |
| Subject | Political Science |
| Textbook | Politics In India Since Independence |
| Class | Twelve |
| Category | NCERT Solutions for Class 12 |
The NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 2: Era of One Party Dominance provide students with an easy-to-follow study guide. This resource will give students the confidence to take on the difficult subjects. These Solutions are a must-have for all students wishing to score high marks in the Political Science subject. They will also enable students to prepare each topic meticulously. Aside from that, the NCERT solutions for Class 12 Political Science will help them get the highest marks possible.
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 2
Era of One Party Dominance Solutions
Q1) Choose the correct option to fill in the blanks:
(a) The First General Elections in 1952 involved simultaneous elections to the Lok Sabha and —– (The President of India/State Assemblies/Rajya Sabha/The Prime Minister)
Answer) State Assemblies
(b) The party that won the second largest number of Lok Sabha seats in the first elections was the _____ (Praja Socialist Party/Bharatiya Jana Sangh/Communist Party of India/Bharatiya Janata Party)
Answer) Communist Party of India
(c) One of the guiding principles of the ideology of the Swatantra Party was _____ (Working class interest/protection of Princely States/Economy free from State control/Autonomy of States within the Union)
Answer) Economy free from state control
Q2) Match the following
| (a) S.A. Dange | (i) Bhartiya Jana Sangha |
| (b) Shyam Prasad Mukharjee | (ii) Swantantra Party |
| (c) Minoo Masani | (iii) Praja Socialist Party |
| (d) Asoka Mehta | (iv) Communist Party of India |
Answer)
| (a) S.A. Dange | (iv) Communist Party of India |
| (b) Shyam Prasad Mukharjee | (i) Bhartiya Jana Sangha |
| (c) Minoo Masani | (ii) Swantantra Party |
| (d) Asoka Mehta | (iii) Praja Socialist Party |
Q3) Four statements regarding one-party dominance are given below. Mark each of them as true or false:
(a) One-party dominance is rooted in the absence of strong alternative political parties
Answer) True
(b) One-party dominance occurs because of weak public opinion.
Answer) False
(c) One-party dominance is linked to the nation’s colonial past.
Answer) True
(d) One-party dominance reflects the absence of democratic ideals in a country.
Answer) False
Q4)
If Bharatiya Jana Sangh of the Communist Party of India had formed the government after the first election, in which respects would the policies of the government have been different? Specify three differences each for both the parties.
Answer)
1. Bharatiya Jana Sangh: The policies of Bharatiya Jana Sangh were based on the principles as follows:
- It replaced secular concept by the ideology of one country, one culture and one nation.
- No cultural and educational rights as this party opposed the granting of concessions to religious and cultural minorities.
- It focused on the reunity of India and Pakistan under the concept of Akhand Bharat.
2. Communist Party of India: Communist Party of India would have been different on the principles as follows:
- It worked for proportional representation in the government.
- This party followed communist ideology in various policies.
- It emphasised on a control over electronic mass media by an autonomous body or corporation.
Q5) In what sense was the Congress an ideological coalition? Mention the various ideological currents present within the Congress.
Answer) The Congress Party became a social and ideological coalition for it merged different social groups alongwith their identity holding different beliefs:
- It accommodated the revolutionary, conservative, pacifist, radical, extremist and moderates and the rights and the left with all other shades of the centre.
- Congress became a platform for numerous groups, interests and even political parties to take part in the national movement.
Ideological currents present within the Congress:
- In pre-independence days, many organisations and parties with their own constitutions and organisational structures were allowed to exist within the Congress.
- Some of these like “Congress Socialist Party” later separated from the Congress and became on opposition party.
Q6) Did the prevalence of a ‘one-party dominant system’ affect adversely the democratic nature of Indian politics?
Answer) No, the prevalence of one party dominance system did not affect adversely the democratic nature of Indian politics because:
- The key role of Congress in the freedom struggle gave it a head start over others.
- The Congress accommodated diversified interests, religion, beliefs and aspirations to strengthen democracy.
- Despite being taken place of free and fair elections, Congress won elections in the same manner again and again.
- Congress party consisted of various factions inside itself, based on ideological considerations who never taught together or went out of Congress.
- Hence, on the basis of above mentioned criterion, it can be concluded that Congress strengthened ideals of democracy and held unity and integrity of the country.
Q7) Bring out three differences each between Socialist Parties and the Communist Party and between Bharatiya Jana Sangh and Swatantra Party.
Answer) Differences between Socialist Parties and Communist Party:
| Socialist Parties | Communist Party |
|---|---|
| These parties believed in ideology of democratic socialism | This party believed in communism |
| Socialist party criticised capitalism and for establishment of socialistic state | Communist party was primarily secular, modern and authoritarian |
| Socialist party wanted more radical and egalitarian nature of Congress | Communist party |
Differences between Bharatiya Jana Sangh and Swatantra Party:
| Bharatiya Jana Sangh | Swatantra Party |
|---|---|
| It emphasised on the ideology of one country, one culture and one nation | It emphasised on the free economy and less involvement of government in controlling the economy |
| This called for a reunity of India and Pakistan in Akhand Bharat | It was critical to policy of non-alignment and favoured to have closer relations with USA |
| It was consistent advocate of India to develop nuclear weapons | This party criticised centralised planning nationalisation and one public sector |
Q8) What would you consider as the main differences between Mexico and India under one party domination?
Answer) There was a difference between one party domination in India and Mexico. In Mexico, this was a one party system only not dominance because:
- In India, the Congress party dominated on behalf of popular consensus but Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) (in Spanish) ruled on behalf of perfect dictatorship.
- In India, free and fair elections took place, where the losing of election was also fair but it Mexico, elections were based on malpractices, dominated by PRI.
Q9) Take a political map of India (with State outlines) and mark:
(a) Two states where Congress was not in poiver at some point during 1952-67.
(b) Two states where the Congress remained in power through this period.
Answer a) Kerala (Travancore-Cochin), Madras (Travancore-Cochin)
Answer b) Punjab or U.P., Rajasthan or West Bengal.
Q10)
a) Why does the author think that Congress should not have been a cohesive and disciplined party?
b) Give some examples of the eclectic role of the Congress party in the early years.
c) Why does the author say that Gandhi’s view about Congress future was romantic?
Answer a) Because she wanted to take the Congress away from its all embracing character and turn it into a close knit party of disciplined caders.
Answer b) These examples are in the form of social and ideological coalition of Congress:
- It provided a platform for numerous groups, interests and even political parties to participate in national movement.
- Congress party represented a rainbow like social coalition representing diversity of India including various castes, religions and languages.
Answer c) Because Gandhiji believed in hand- in-hand characteristic of national movement led by Congress which attracted various sections groups and society to form a social and ideological coalition in Congress.
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